What is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis literally means porous bones. As we age, our bones naturally lose thickness and strength. Osteoporosis leads to increased risk of fractures (breaks). S. ..... In the early stages of bone loss, it is usually no pain or symptoms. But once bones have been weakened by osteoporosis, you may have signs and symptoms that include back pain Loss of height over t ...... Strength of bones depends on their mass and density. Bone density depends in part on the amount of calcium, phosphorus and other minerals bones contain. When your bones contain less mineral ...... Risk factors for osteoporosis include sex. Fractures due to osteoporosis is approximately two times more common in women as in men. '' It is that women start with lower bone mass and tend to live lon ...... Early diagnosis is important in osteoporosis. You may be able to slow disease progression, if you know what you are, or avoid, if you find that you'' re the likelihood of its development. Consider your risk factors, t ...... Doctors can detect early signs of osteoporosis using different instruments to measure bone density. The best lasix heart rate screening test for osteoporosis dvuhenerheticheskoy absorbtsiometrii X-ray (DEXA). This procedure I ... .
Friday, February 24, 2012
For example, if the frequency of fractures
Osteoporosis can also result from deficiency of vitamin D, which is
common among institutional older men and can lead to
osteomalacia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, increased bone turnover
and bone loss . Loss of bone mass is accelerated (not stop) at
older men and women who have secondary hyperparathyroidism, in part
, because this condition leads to an increase in porosity and intrakortykalna
thinning crust that predispose to fractures hip. Excessive alcohol intake >> << (including said
) is an important
associated risk factor for osteoporosis in men. There is no proven treatment for osteoporosis in men, because
no relevant randomized controlled trials. Calcium supplements
are safe and can slow bone loss, at least in women. Vitamin D deficiency should be
suspects linked to the building or company and the elderly should be considered
(after excluding malabsorption) of daily vitamin D
supplements. Estimated efficiency 1 ,25-dihydroxy D
to treat osteoporosis in women, caused him to be approved in
Australia for the treatment of osteoporosis in men. Hypogonadism should be treated with
Testo sterone (which can increase bone mineral density
[ON] in eugonadal men, but only in short-term studies have been done). >> << Possible increased risk of prostate cancer associated with testosterone therapy
should be considered in any analysis of costs and benefits >>. << Several small short-term studies in men with idiopathic or secondary osteoporosis
suggest that bisphosphonates increase and decrease ABOUT
bone. Studies in women with primary osteoporosis, and animals
suggest that drugs such as alendronate and etidronat appear
best option at this time. However, as long safety Dana
limited, these drugs should be given with caution. Bisphosphonates may remain in bone indefinitely, Alendronate can cause irritation
stomach or esophagus, ulcers, and can etidronat
cause osteomalacia coordination with the introduction of a long time. Sodium fluoride
increases the IPC, but not bone strength and should not be used >> << osteoporosis in men and women. There is no evidence of favorable effects >> << anabolic steroids in men. The problem of osteoporosis and fractures in men, probably
growth. To use the drug in men based on research on women
not the long-term solution. Drug therapy for men should be
on the basis of efficacy, safety and quality of life in men. As
all measures in preventive medicine, potential drug therapy should be
safe because most people who are treated makes no benefits. For example >> << if the frequency of fractures of two to 100 people a year, and drugs
has 50% antifracture efficacy, in any year 98 men will be
with a broken or without treatment, you have to >> << fracture in any case, and in one, fracture will be prevented - 99 receive benefits no
. Obviously, treatment should be safe. Age-related hip fracture incidence in men with low IPC should be defined
promising, so we can determine the efficacy of the drug. For example, if the frequency of fractures of two to 100 people a year,
1260 men with hip fracture and 1260 management will be needed to identify >> << 50% reduced risk of drugs in three years of research. Smaller sample sizes
may be adequate if the high risk group with low baseline ABOUT lasix 60 mg iv
and fractures to work. Study end points, such as,
histomorfometrii, biochemical indices of bone turnover and biomechanical testing
bone biopsy can provide at least
explanation appropriate drugs for use in men. Associate Professor of Medicine, Austin 167: 412-415. .
Parathyroid hormone (teriparatide) stimulates the ...
If the doctor diagnosed osteoporosis, your doctor will likely recommend:
increase your exposure to sunlight Limited correct any deficiencies of vitamin D, or from additives
Your doctor may change or reduce some drugs, because they can cause osteoporosis. Corticosteroid preparations, for example. Prednisolone is used to treat many other diseases such as asthma and arthritis, can lead to osteoporosis and may reduce your dose. Osteoporosis drugs work by bone cells that break bone ineffective, leaving the cells form bone alone. This reduces the amount of bone lost, so that net income in bone density occurs over time.
Bisphosphonates ryzedronat (trade name Actonel), alendronate (fosamaks), disodium etidronat (Didrocal) and zoledronovoyi acid (Aclasta). These drugs reduce the risk of fractures by increasing bone density and reducing bone turnover. On average, these drugs lead to increased bone density by about 4-8% in the spine and 1-3% in the hip during the first 3-4 years of treatment. In clinical trials involving people with osteoporosis, bisphosphonates have been shown to reduce the incidence of fractures of the spine by as much as 30 - 40%, and in the thigh as much as 30-50%. Bisphosphonates are the most studied drug for the treatment of men with osteoporosis. Quitting smoking and reducing excessive alcohol consumption are often recommended. Bisphosphonates have been shown to protect against development of osteoporosis in people taking corticosteroids (eg cortisone, prednisone) for other diseases. Bisphosphonates should first pill in the morning on an empty stomach with a glass of water. You must remain upright for half an hour after them and not eat or drink anything other that a half hours. In addition, calcium and oral bisphosphonates should be taken not less than two hours. Otherwise, the absorption can influence others. Side effects are generally small, but may include pain in swallowing, upper gastrointestinal tract and stomach. It is important that these drugs with recommended amount of water and remain upright for 30 minutes after taking the drug to avoid the rare complication of ulcers and erosions in the esophagus. Fosamax Plus is Foxamax of vitamin D. Actonel Combi is Actonel with calcium. Actonel Combi D is as Actonel with calcium and vitamin D. Aclasta is the new bisphosphonates in the form once a year, fifteen minute intravenous infusion. It should be administered by a doctor or nurse. Jaw osteonecrosis of the jaw Bisphosphonates osteonecrosis (bone death that means) was the most frequently reported in cancer patients with very high doses or zoledronat pamidronat. It is very rare in people taking bisphosphonates to treat osteoporosis, where doses (oral and intravenous) is much lower. This problem can be caused by the fact that tooth removed if the injury is related while getting a tooth or infection occurs after that. Patients should be aware of this potential side effects, especially if they have poor oral hygiene and is likely to face tooth. If you have poor oral hygiene and may require extraction, consider seeing a dentist before you start on bisphosphonates. For those who are already taking bisphosphonates, you should tell your dentist you are taking bisphosphonates if the tooth or implant is planned. Strontium ranelate (Protos) is a tool for prevention of fractures in post-menopausal lasix fluid pill women with osteoporosis. It has a dual effect - increase in bone formation and decreasing bone resorption. This reduces vertebral fractures by 50%, without vertebral fractures by 16% and reduces hip fractures by 19% >> << This once daily dose, taken as a powder mixed with water. It is best to take at bed time for at least 2 hours after food containing calcium products or antacids. Possible side effects: nausea, diarrhea, headache and skin irritation. Unusual side effect of clot in the vein (thrombosis), so if you feel pain or swelling in the legs or unusual or sudden shortness of breath, seek immediate medical attention. Very rare side effect of strontium ranelate is a drug hypersensitivity syndrome, which causes fever and / or rash and can affect other organs. Consult your doctor immediately if fever and / or rash occurs while taking this medicine. The active substance in Prolia, denosumab, is a monoclonal antibody. Monoclonal antibody is a type of protein, which was designed to recognize and provide a structure (called antigen) in the body >> << There is a specific antigen in the body responsible for the activation of cells involved in the destruction bone (they are called osteoclasts). Denosumab adds and blocking this antigen, and thereby reduces the formation and activity of osteoclasts. It reduces bone loss and maintains bone strength, making fractures would be unlikely. Denosumab given input because it works for a long time, you will not need another dose DenosumabP for 6 months. Estrogen therapy can prevent bone loss in post menopausal women and reduce the risk of fractures. However, because HRT was associated with a small relative increase in the frequency of cardiovascular disease (heart attack and stroke) and breast cancer is not recommended for managing the risk of fractures only, as it requires long-term use. HRT is suitable for short-term relief of symptoms of menopause (5 years) and may play a role in preventing bone mineral density loss in women these symptoms. Its use is most appropriate for women to 60. In men with low testosterone (hypogonadism), hormone therapy increases bone density. Raloksifen (trade name: Evista). This class of drugs is a way to either the same or opposite estrogen, depending on which body the drug acts on. In bone it acts like estrogen to reduce bone loss. Raloksifen reduces the incidence of spine fractures by 50%, but was not shown to reduce the risk of hip fractures without a backbone. Unlike HRT, raloksifen may worsen the symptoms of menopause. Raloksifen also showed reduced risk of invasive breast cancer in post menopausal women long-term therapy (more than 5 years) without increasing the risk of endometrial cancer. However, there is an increased risk of blood clots and fatal stroke. Increased risk of venous thrombosis (clotting), reported on raloksifen similar to that observed with HRT, so if you are immobilized for a long time your doctor will likely advise you to stop it. Parathyroid hormone (teriparatide) stimulates bone formation and increases bone density and strength. The density of the bones of the spine has been shown to increase to 10% in some people and in the study of postmenopausal women with fractures to the spine, showed reduction in the incidence of spinal (65%) and spinal (55%) fractures. Forteo is available in Australia for people with established osteoporosis who have had fractures when other drugs are considered unsuitable. Side effects include dizziness and leg cramps. How long should I take medication? Your bone density improves very slowly, especially in the hips, so that the effect of the drug may take many months to occur. Reducing the risk of fractures seen bisphosphonates and SERMs can be seen within 6 months to one year after beginning treatment. You may have to take medication in the long run. Your doctor may observe the effect of treatment, repeat DXA scans and other tests at various stages. To get maximum benefit from your prescription medication, it is important to take them as directed and for as long as your doctor prescribes. Unfortunately, many people stop treatment for 2 years, which is common with long-term medications. This means that you will not get full value from taking drugs. Approved by Osteoporosis Australia Medical Research Advisory Committee updated environment, July 6, 2011 10:55.
Quitting smoking is the main treatment for emphysema.
What is emphysema (COPD) symptoms, causes and treatment
Emphysema It is also known as COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. What is emphysema? Emphysema is a chronic lung disease. In which alveoli, or air bags light gradually:
alveoli or air sacs is tissue in the lungs, where oxygen is exchanged with carbon dioxide in the blood. As air sacs are destroyed the ability of the lungs to provide oxygen in the body decreases. As a result, the person becomes increasingly difficult to breathe. Damage to the air sacs is irreversible and leads to a permanent hole in the tissue of the lower lungs. What causes emphysema? As chronic bronchitis, emphysema, usually caused by years of smoking. Some respiratory infections and asthma in childhood makes their airways are more susceptible to damage. Some people make too little of protective enzymes (alpha-1-antitrypsin) released into the lungs. These people are more likely to develop emphysema at an early age, even without the influence of cigarette smoke. Incidence 2 of 1000. What are the signs and symptoms? Symptoms can vary from person to person. Some may experience some or all of them. Shortness of breath, a feeling not able to catch their breath from a variety of measures. People with severe emphysema can not breathe when they go to bed. This is called orthopnea. What are the risk factors for disease? Smoking is a major risk factor. Except in rare cases, caused by lack of the enzyme, emphysema is a disease of smokers. Previous disaster respiratory diseases. As emphysema diagnosed? In addition to a complete medical record of the patient and physical examination, the following tests are required for the diagnosis of emphysema:
Pulmonary / pulmonary function tests used to measure how well your lungs work. Spirometry test that measures lung and respiratory functions. The peak flow meter to measure changes in breathing and responses to drugs. What long term effects of this disease? Finally, strong breathlessness will restrict rights of `normal daily activities. Recurrent respiratory infections are common. What are the risks to others? There are several risks to other people living in the same house as someone with emphysema. The main risk of exposure to second hand smoke from someone who smokes. What can we do to prevent disease? Quitting smoking is the best way to prevent emphysema. Smoke effects should especially avoid people with the enzyme alpha-1-antitrypsin. Impact of air pollution and dust should be avoided. What are the treatments for this disease? After easily destroyed, it will not renew themselves.
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We investigated the age-reduction of t-score
Osteoporosis is very common, but predotvratimyh diseases and, therefore, important that there are appropriate diagnostic criteria to determine who is at risk of fractures of low-trauma. In 1994 the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the definition of osteoporosis and osteopenia using T-scores, which identified 30% of Caucasian postmenopausal women, as with osteoporosis. However, using the WHO T-scale thresholds-2. 5 osteoporosis and -1. 0 for osteopenia may be misplaced in skeletal sites other than spine, hip and forearm or when other methods such as quantitative ultrasound (QUS) are used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the age dependence of T-scores for speed of sound (SOS) measurements within ankle bone, phalanx and metatarsal using sunlight Omnisense, assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia at these sites using the WHO criteria, and calculate appropriate equivalent T- through rapids. The study included 278 healthy premenopausal, 194 healthy women and 115 postmenopausal women with vertebral fractures indulgent.
Eight men and one woman were included, aged
Designed for patients with symptoms related to compression of giant bullae (usually 30% half a bunch of cells) or other complications such as rupture or bleeding. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VAT) is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of breast disease, including. , Who treated using VATS bullectomy for the last two years. Eight men and one woman were included, aged 39 to 82 (average 62) years. Eight (89%) were heavy smokers. Pulmonary function tests performed before surgery in only three patients because of their threatened status for admission. : Resection of bullae and plevrodeza performed using VATS in eight patients. Time ranges from 35 to 75 (average 50) minutes. Two patients had minor postoperative complications (one long air leakage for more than seven days and one wound
), who recovered with conservative treatment. Chest tube was successfully removed 5-14 days after lasix generic surgery. Or relieve symptoms and improve lung function was observed in these patients after surgery. One patient complained of shortness of breath interrupted for a period of observation and research and images almost normal. can be performed safely and effectively use VATS.